Each puff of nicotine from tobacco smoke temporarily increases heart rate and blood pressure, even as less oxygen-rich blood circulates through the body. Smoking also leads to clumping or stickiness in the blood vessels feeding the heart. People who quit smoking are more likely to have their heart failure symptoms improve.
Learn more about quitting smoking.
Following recommendations about diet, exercise and other habits can help to alleviate symptoms, slow your disease's progression and improve your everyday life. In fact, people with mild to moderate heart failure often can lead nearly normal lives as a result.
You or your loved ones may have to change your regular routine by...
Quitting smoking Losing or maintaining your weight Sudden weight gain or weight loss can be a sign of heart failure or worsening of your condition. Weigh yourself at the same time each morning, preferably before breakfast and after urinating. Notify your healthcare professional if you gain three or more pounds in one day, five or more pounds in one week, or whatever amount you were told to report. Learn more about maintaining a healthy weight.
Tracking your daily fluid intake When your body is retaining fluid, as often happens with heart failure, your healthcare team may recommend limiting how much liquid you get. Many people are prescribed diuretics (water pills) to help them get rid of extra water and sodium and reduce their heart's workload. Talk with your healthcare provider about how much liquid to drink every day.
Avoiding alcohol If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. This means no more than one to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
Avoiding or limiting caffeine Consume only a moderate amount of caffeine per day, no more than a cup or two of coffee.
Eating a heart-healthy diet Eat a healthy diet that's low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol and sodium.
Being physically active Perhaps participating in a structured rehabilitation program. Begin an exercise program (with your healthcare provider's permission). Schedule physical activity at the same time every day so it becomes a regular part of your lifestyle.
Managing stress Take 15 to 20 minutes a day to sit quietly, breathe deeply and think of a peaceful scene. Or try a class in yoga or meditation (check with your healthcare provider first). Count to 10 before responding when you feel angry to help reduce your stress.
Learn more about managing stress.
Keeping track Learn more about managing stress.
Of symptoms and reporting any changes that concern you to your healthcare professional.
Monitoring your blood pressure To help control high blood pressure, research has shown that monitoring blood pressure at home can be helpful in addition to regular monitoring in a healthcare provider's office. Chart your blood pressure to provide information on what is happening with your blood pressure over time and help eliminate false readings. Find out more about how healthy eating can lower your blood pressure with the DASH eating plan.
Getting adequate rest To improve your sleep at night, use pillows to prop up your head. Avoid naps and big meals right before bedtime. Try napping after lunch or putting your feet up for a few minutes every couple of hours.
Developing support Join a support group for people with heart failure and other heart conditions. Contact local churches, religious congregations and volunteer centers to find out about programs that provide meals, transportation and errand services for people who need assistance.
Maintaining vaccinations Ask your doctor about getting a yearly flu vaccine and a one-time pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine. These will guard against illnesses that could put more stress on the heart.
Following heart patient guidelines for sexual activity Many people with heart failure can still be sexually active. Choose a time when you're feeling rested and free from the day's stresses.
Selecting appropriate clothing Avoid tight socks or stockings (like thigh-high or knee-high hose); they can slow blood flow to the legs and cause clots. Avoid temperature extremes as much as possible, too. Dress in layers so you can add or remove garments as needed.
Making these changes is easier said than done. Dealing with new restrictions and responsibilities is challenging, but working these changes into your daily routine can make a real difference.
